How many types of deterrence are there, and what are they?

Deterrence theory in criminology primarily identifies two distinct types: specific deterrence and general deterrence. Specific deterrence refers to the strategy of preventing an individual who has committed a crime from re-offending by imposing sanctions or penalties tailored to that individual. The aim is to make the individual aware of the consequences of their actions, thus reducing the likelihood of repeat offenses.

On the other hand, general deterrence focuses on the broader population. It aims to discourage the public at large from engaging in criminal behavior by setting an example through the punishment of specific individuals. The idea is that when people see the consequences faced by offenders, they will be less likely to commit similar crimes themselves.

This understanding of deterrence is foundational in criminal justice, influencing policies and approaches to crime prevention and sentencing. Other options mentioned do not align with the widely accepted definitions or necessary distinctions in deterrence theory, making them less accurate in this context.