What characterized the mass prison era?

The mass prison era is characterized by a system of enforced silence and collective living, which was a hallmark of this period in the history of corrections. This approach arose during the 19th century when the prison systems underwent significant expansion due to rising incarceration rates. The focus was on maintaining order, discipline, and a uniform way of life among inmates.

Enforced silence was a critical aspect of the mass prison era, as it was believed that eliminating conversation among prisoners would reduce disruption and promote reflection on their wrongdoings. This method aimed to create an environment conducive to change through isolation from the external world and a strict regimen of conduct. Collective living was also vital, as it emphasized the notion that prisoners would live amongst each other in a highly controlled setting, reinforcing a sense of shared experience and collective punishment.

In contrast, the other options present characteristics that do not align with the central focus of the mass prison era. Individual rehabilitation was not the primary aim during this time; rather, the emphasis was on punishment and control. Decentralization of prison management marks a departure from the mass prison era, which was characterized by a more centralized, uniform approach. Furthermore, the era did not embody a flexible approach to inmate release; it instead operated under strict rules regarding