What defines the reformatory era in correctional history?

The reformatory era in correctional history is characterized by the adoption of indeterminate sentences that prioritize the concept of rehabilitation over mere punishment. This period, which took place primarily in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, marked a significant shift in correctional philosophy. Instead of enforcing fixed, punitive sentences, the reformatory approach allowed for flexibility in sentencing and aimed to provide inmates with opportunities for personal growth and reform.

The focus was on rehabilitating offenders through education, vocational training, and therapy, acknowledging the belief that individuals could change and reintegrate into society as productive members. This progressive mindset led to the establishment of reform schools and institutions designed to facilitate this transformation, highlighting the belief that the criminal justice system should not only punish wrongdoing but also aim to correct behavior and reduce recidivism.

In contrast, the other options outline approaches that do not align with the spirit of the reformatory era, which sought to humanize the correctional process and emphasize reform.