What does strain theory suggest about criminal behavior?

Strain theory, developed by sociologist Robert Merton, posits that criminal behavior can arise when individuals experience a disjunction between societal goals and the means available to achieve those goals. It suggests that when people are unable to attain culturally approved objectives—such as wealth or success—through legitimate means, they may resort to deviant behavior, including crime, as a way to cope with the resulting stress or "strain."

The correct answer indicates that motivation is essential in this context. Individuals are motivated to commit acts—potentially criminal ones—in pursuit of societal goals, particularly when they feel they have no legitimate pathway to achieve them. This highlights how aspirations can drive individuals to engage in criminal behavior as a means of circumventing perceived barriers to success.

In contrast, other options present ideas that don't align with the core premise of strain theory. For example, genetic predispositions and environmental factors are not central to strain theory, which is more focused on sociological aspects and the challenges individuals face in achieving societal goals. Additionally, the theory does acknowledge the influence of societal values on behavior rather than denying it, as societal expectations play a significant role in shaping the aspirations and actions of individuals.