What does the Concentric Zone Theory describe?

The Concentric Zone Theory, developed by sociologist Ernest W. Burgess in the early 20th century, describes urban social structures, specifically how different zones within a city can influence crime rates. It posits that cities grow in a series of concentric circles or zones, each with distinct social characteristics and functions.

The theory delineates five distinct zones, ranging from the innermost zone—characterized by the highest levels of poverty, social disorganization, and crime—to the outer zones, which are typically residential and suburban areas with lower crime rates. This framework helps explain how crime is concentrated in particular areas of a city based on social variables such as income levels, population density, and the stability of communities. By illustrating this relationship between crime rates and the distinctive zones within urban settings, the Concentric Zone Theory remains a foundational concept in criminology and urban sociology, facilitating a deeper understanding of the interplay between environment and criminal behavior.