What does the Speedy Trial Act of 1974 mandate?

The Speedy Trial Act of 1974 mandates that an individual charged with a crime must have their trial begin within a specific time frame after being indicted. This requirement is designed to uphold the constitutional right of defendants to a swift trial, as guaranteed by the Sixth Amendment. Specifically, the Act states that a trial must commence within 70 days from the date of the indictment or the appearance of the defendant before the court, whichever is later. This provision helps to prevent excessive delays in the judicial process, which can lead to prolonged pretrial detention and other due process concerns.

While defendants do have the option to waive their right to a speedy trial, and the Act applies to more than just felonies, the core mandate here focuses on ensuring that trials begin promptly following an indictment, thus protecting the rights of the accused and promoting the efficiency of the legal system.