What is meant by 'probable cause'?

Probable cause refers to a standard used in the legal system to determine whether there is sufficient reason to believe that a crime has been committed or that certain evidence may be obtained as a result of a search or seizure. Specifically, it is defined as a reasonable belief, based on facts and circumstances, that a person has committed a crime, which justifies law enforcement taking action such as making an arrest or conducting a search.

This standard is crucial in maintaining a balance between individual rights and the needs of law enforcement, ensuring that individuals are not subjected to arbitrary actions without a reasonable basis. It is a fundamental principle that safeguards against unreasonable searches and seizures as outlined in the Fourth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution.

In contrast, other options provided do not accurately capture the essence of probable cause. For instance, a court’s decision to dismiss a case refers to a legal determination made by a judge regarding the viability of a case rather than the standard of evidence needed to justify a legal action. An assumption of guilt incorrectly implies a presumption that someone is guilty without establishing the necessary facts or evidence. A declaration from a grand jury pertains to formal charges brought against a defendant and involves proceedings separate from the concept of probable cause.