What term refers to a condition of normlessness within a society?

The term "anomie" is used to describe a condition of normlessness within a society, where social norms, values, and expectations are confused, unclear, or simply absent. This concept, introduced by sociologist Émile Durkheim, is significant in understanding the impact of societal breakdowns on individual behavior and social cohesion. Anomie typically occurs during periods of rapid social change or upheaval, where individuals struggle to find their place and direction, leading to feelings of isolation and disconnection.

In contrast, social ecology focuses on the relationships between individuals and their environment, examining how societal structures interact with geographical and community dynamics. Behavioral conditioning involves learning processes that affect behavior through reinforcement or punishment, which is not directly related to societal norms. Social disorganization refers to the breakdown of social structures and institutions in a community, which can lead to increased crime and social instability, but it is distinct from the broader concept of anomie that specifically highlights the absence of norms.