Which approach focuses on reforming behavior through treatment or programs?

The focus of the approach that emphasizes reforming behavior through treatment or programs is indeed rehabilitation. This approach is grounded in the belief that individuals who engage in criminal behavior may be able to reform and reintegrate into society if given the appropriate support and resources, such as therapy, education, or vocational training. Rehabilitation aims to address the underlying factors that contribute to criminal behavior, such as mental health issues, substance abuse, and social or economic disadvantages.

By providing offenders with the tools they need to change their behavior, rehabilitation seeks to reduce recidivism, or the tendency to reoffend, thereby contributing to public safety in a more constructive way. This contrasts with other approaches, such as deterrence, which seeks to prevent crime through the fear of punishment, or retribution, which focuses on punishment as a means of moral balance. Incapacitation, on the other hand, aims to prevent crime by removing offenders from society, rather than focusing on their rehabilitation. Thus, the emphasis on treatment and programs aligns closely with the principles of rehabilitation as a means to achieve long-term behavioral change.