Which function do trial courts perform in the judicial process?

Trial courts play a crucial role in the judicial process by conducting arraignments and trials. This function centers around the initial stages of legal proceedings. During an arraignment, a defendant is formally charged with a crime, given an opportunity to enter a plea, and informed of their rights. Following this, the trial phase involves the examination of evidence, witness testimonies, and ultimately, the adjudication of guilt or innocence by a judge or jury.

The primary focus of trial courts is to determine the facts of the case based on the evidence presented and apply the law to these facts to reach a verdict. This foundational function is essential as it ensures that each individual receives a fair trial under the law, which is a fundamental aspect of the judicial system.

Other choices, such as reviewing appellate cases or defining constitutional law, fall outside the direct responsibilities of trial courts. Appellate courts are designated for reviewing cases from lower courts, while defining constitutional law typically involves higher courts and constitutional interpretations rather than the trial courts' role in adjudicating specific cases. Drafting new legislation is the responsibility of legislative bodies, not the courts. Thus, conducting arraignments and trials distinctly captures the essence of a trial court’s function within the judicial framework.