Which of the following describes presumptive sentencing?

Presumptive sentencing refers to a structured guideline system where judges have some discretion in sentencing but are generally expected to adhere to established sentencing ranges for specific offenses. By requiring judges to provide a written justification when they deviate from these guidelines, it promotes consistency and accountability in sentencing decisions. This approach ensures that there are reasons rooted in the facts of the case for any variances, which helps to mitigate the potential for arbitrary or biased sentencing practices.

This contrasts with the other choices, which either imply a lack of structure or accountability in the sentencing process, such as unfettered discretion or a total reliance on public opinion and the prosecution's decisions. Thus, the correct understanding of presumptive sentencing emphasizes adherence to guidelines and the requirement for justification when deviations occur.