Which of the following is a key characteristic of the Positive School in criminology?

The Positive School in criminology is characterized by its belief that behavior is determined by factors beyond an individual's control, specifically biological, psychological, and social influences. This perspective contrasts sharply with the Classical School, which emphasizes free will and rational choice in criminal behavior. In the Positive School, the assumption is that individuals do not simply choose to commit crimes; rather, they are influenced by their environment, genetics, or other external factors that shape their actions.

By focusing on deterministic views, the Positive School seeks to understand the underlying causes of criminal behavior, which can lead to more effective interventions and rehabilitation efforts rather than mere punishment. This approach has been influential in shaping modern criminological theories and practices, particularly in the fields of psychology and sociology.

Other choices do not align with the central tenet of the Positive School. The focus on punishment and deterrence is more characteristic of the Classical School, which advocates for the consequences of criminal behavior based on the belief in free will. Philosophical reasoning, while considered in various schools of thought, isn't a defining feature of the Positive School. Emphasizing social justice reflects more contemporary approaches to criminology that consider systemic inequalities and societal factors, diverging from the Deterministic view central to the Positive School.